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“This is what the Navy has been talking about for years. The anti-access and area-denial capabilities are developing rapidly, and the barriers to acquiring them are lower and lower, so you’re going to see more and more of this falling into the hands of non-state actors,” said Peter Haynes, a retired Navy officer who is now a defense expert with the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments in Washington.
Over the last fifteen years, the Department of Defense spent more than $24 billion buying a mix of capabilities to defeat guided missile threats to U.S. and partner naval forces and land installations. Despite DoD's urgency, these investments have not resulted in air and missile defenses with sufficient capacity to counter large salvos of ballistic missiles, cruise missiles, and other precision-guided munitions (PGMs) that can now be launched by America's enemies.
The electromagnetic spectrum (EMS) is one of the most critical operational domains in modern warfare, but its use in military operations is rapidly changing. In the same way smartphones and the Internet are redefining how the world shares, shops, learns, and works, the development and fielding of advanced sensors and networking technologies will enable some militaries to gain significant new advantages over competitors that fail to keep pace.
