The research and analysis underlying this report began in 2003 and aimed at answering the following question. How has the maturation of non-nuclear guided munitions during the late 1980s and early 1990s affected the conduct of warfare by advanced militaries, especially by the various combat arms of the US armed forces? In this context, guided munitions were understood to be those that could actively home on their targets or aim-points after being fired, released, or launched.